RPSC RAS Mains Answer Writing

Introduction

Under FRA, 2006, 25.42 lakh titles have been issued nationally, but habitat rights cover only 11 of 75 PVTGs. Rajasthan's progress was reviewed at the Srinagar conference (October 2026).

Reasons

• Individual claims are easier to verify than community boundaries.
• Forest department resistance and weak Gram Sabhas.
• High rejections; overlap with protected areas.
• Habitat rights of the Sahariya PVTG of Baran need special facilitation.

Remedies

• Campaign-mode CFR mapping; review of rejections.
• Converge with PM-JANMAN.

Conclusion

Empowered Gram Sabhas can make FRA a tool of conservation and justice.

• 25.42 lakh titles; 18.13 lakh rejected; habitat rights for 11 of 75 PVTGs (31 Aug 2026)
• Sahariya: Rajasthan's only PVTG
• Sec 3(1)(i) CFR; Sec 3(1)(e) habitat rights

Introduction

Agrivoltaics combines crops and solar panels on one plot; solarisation replaces farming with solar plants.

Relevance for Rajasthan

• High irradiance and scarce water: shade cuts evaporation.
• Dual income for farmers; protects cultivable land.

Conclusion

Standards and farmer ownership are essential.

• India: 36 operational agrivoltaic projects (37.54 MW) + 10 pilots
• PM-KUSUM (2019); Bhadla Solar Park, Jodhpur

Introduction

UNEP's 17th Emissions Gap Report, "The Point of Return", warns that a temporary overshoot of 1.5°C is now unavoidable.

Key findings

• Global emissions in 2025: 58.4 Gt CO2e, almost unchanged.
• Peak warming of 1.7–1.8°C likely; cuts of 18% by 2030 and 45% by 2035 needed.

Implications for India

• As a G20 member (G20 ≈76% of emissions), India faces pressure for deeper cuts.
• Strengthens India's case for CBDR, climate finance and technology transfer.

Conclusion

India should combine ambition with equity in its next NDC.

• EGR 2026: 58.4 Gt CO2e (2025); G20 ≈76% of emissions
• Paris Agreement (2015); COP30 Belém (2025)
• India: net zero by 2070

Introduction

From January 2027, the PLFS will measure gig work and unpaid care work.

Significance

• Makes women's invisible work and double burden visible.
• Aids care policies and gig-worker welfare, as under Rajasthan's 2023 gig workers law.

Conclusion

Better data enables fairer policy.

• PLFS launched April 2017 (NSO, MoSPI)
• Rajasthan Platform Based Gig Workers (Registration and Welfare) Act, 2023

Introduction

Released on 23 October 2026 by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, the Land Warfare Doctrine seeks a flexible 20–30-year vision, drawing on Operation Sindoor (May 2025).

Need for jointness

• Two-front threat demands integrated theatre commands under the CDS.
• Shared logistics, intelligence and networks with the Navy and Air Force.

Need for technology

• Drones, counter-drone systems, AI surveillance and cyber defence.
• Indigenous production via iDEX and Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• Relevance for Rajasthan's desert border with Pakistan.

Conclusion

Stable funding and reforms must turn doctrine into capability.

• Doctrine released at Army Commanders' Conference, New Delhi (23 Oct 2026)
• CDS and Department of Military Affairs (2019); iDEX (2018)

Introduction

EAM Jaishankar's Baku visit reset ties strained after Operation Sindoor.

Significance

• Lies on INSTC's western route to Russia and Europe.
• Caspian energy; ONGC Videsh stakes in ACG field.
• Complements Chabahar and Central Asia outreach.

Conclusion

Pragmatic engagement can offset the Türkiye–Pakistan axis.

• First Indian EAM bilateral visit to Azerbaijan in eight years
• INSTC agreement (2000): India, Iran, Russia

Introduction

The Supreme Court held that voters can file private complaints under Section 125A against candidates furnishing false affidavit information (up to six months' jail, fine, or both).

Significance

• Enforces disclosure mandated by ADR (2002) and PUCL (2003).
• Empowers citizens against concealment of criminal records.

Limitations

• Mild penalty; no disqualification under Section 8.
• Delays and possible misuse.

Way forward

Make conviction a disqualification (Law Commission, 244th Report) with time-bound trials.

• Section 125A: up to 6 months' imprisonment, or fine, or both
• ADR (2002), PUCL (2003)

Introduction

Rajasthan's largely arid, sandy soils are naturally low in organic carbon.

Causes

• Wind erosion and desertification.
• Salinity from canal over-irrigation.
• Overgrazing, and imbalanced fertiliser use.

Conclusion

Soil Health Cards (launched at Suratgarh, 2015) and the Khet Bachao Abhiyan can promote balanced nutrients.

• Soil Health Card scheme launched at Suratgarh, Rajasthan (2015)
• Khet Bachao Abhiyan (22 Oct–30 Nov 2026)

Introduction

UN Day (24 October) marks 81 years of the UN Charter, yet the Security Council was enlarged only once (1965).

Need for reform

• No permanent seat for Africa or Latin America.
• Veto paralysis in major conflicts.
• India, a founding member and top peacekeeper, lacks a permanent voice.

Obstacles

• Article 108 requires all P5 to ratify.
• Uniting for Consensus opposition.

Conclusion

Text-based negotiations and G4–African unity are vital for UN legitimacy.

• UN Charter in force 24 Oct 1945; 193 members
• Article 108; G4 grouping

Introduction

Mission Karmayogi (NPCSCB), approved in 2020, reforms civil service capacity building.

Objectives

• Shift from rule-based to role-based governance.
• Continuous online learning via iGOT Karmayogi.
• Citizen-centric, ethical, tech-enabled officials.

Conclusion

The new UNNATI Capability Index will measure progress.

• Mission Karmayogi approved Sept 2020; CBC set up 2021
• UNNATI Capability Index launched Oct 2026, Lucknow